Powell Fabrication & Manufacturing, Inc.

ORP Electrodes




Powell has been involved in the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorine (Cl2) industry since 1964 and is a leading innovator and provider of equipment to safely and efficiently produce, filter, dilute, store, monitor, load, and unload chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, sulfur dioxide, methanol, ammonia, phosgene, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and a variety of other chemicals.


Powell offers customized solutions for the safe handling and containment of hazardous gases.

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Sodium Hydroxide Control With ORP

Powell Oxidation Reduction Potential Instrumentation (ORP) is the best available technology for the indication and control of sodium hydroxide concentrations for scrubbers on the market today. When the correct electrode installation has been made using the Powell ORP electrodes, the silver/platinum electrode pair produce a millivoltage signal output according to the following formula:

formula of millivoltage signal output of silver/platinum electrode pair

Where E0 is the standard oxidation potential for the reaction.

Since the electrode potential is primarily a function of the hydrogen ion concentration, a sharp inflection is noted at the reaction end point similar to that obtained by pH measurements.

Experience has shown that typical millivoltages in a chlorine scrubber starting with a typical 21% sodium hydroxide and reacting with chlorine will produce the following approximate mVDC signals with respect to the remaining sodium hydroxide versus the weight percent sodium hypochlorite.

Table 1:   Remaining Sodium Hydroxide vs. Wt % Sodium Hypochlorite

Wt % NaOH Wt % NaOCl ORP mVDC
21.34 0.00 0
19.90 1.12 288
18.47 2.31 311
16.93 3.45 330
15.49 3.50 345
14.22 5.54 358
12.88 6.81 372
11.44 8.01 384
9.90 8.88 396
8.49 10.25 410
7.00 11.27 424
5.38 12.67 441
3.95 13.59 460
2.31 15.13 488
1.48 15.58 507
0.81 15.99 535
0.42 16.44 561

*Millivoltage Direct Current

ORP vs. Wt% NaOH

Using the data in Table 1, the ORP Curve with the 21% by weight sodium hydroxide starting point can be represented as a graph, as shown in Figure 1 below. Using the proprietary Powell ORP electrodes, any chlorine scrubber can be continuously or batch controlled at high sodium hydroxide levels as required by individual design of the scrubber. ORP Curve

Powell customers have successfully controlled sodium hydroxide concentrations by using continuous and automatic control sodium hydroxide levels at typical levels such as 12% by weight with excellent results. Other customers choose to operate their scrubbers at much lower levels of sodium hydroxide such as 1.5% using Powell ORP electrodes either by batch or continuous. If the system is automated with the application of automatic sodium hydroxide supply valves in conjunction with the Powell ORP electrodes, process upsets can be easily and quickly managed. On batch chlorine scrubbers, the Powell ORP electrodes are used to provide information and alarms to inform the operators when to change batch sodium hypochlorite tanks in the scrubbing operation.

For More Information

Contact Powell today to discover how you can operate your emergency scrubbers automatically and continuously with the confidence necessary in today’s environmental standards.